{"id":441,"date":"2008-10-30T03:55:33","date_gmt":"2008-10-30T10:55:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nesnausk.org\/klinikine-psichologija\/?p=441"},"modified":"2008-11-04T01:05:38","modified_gmt":"2008-11-04T08:05:38","slug":"asmenybes-sutrikimai-kognityviniu-poziuriu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nesnausk.org\/klinikine-psichologija\/2008\/10\/30\/asmenybes-sutrikimai-kognityviniu-poziuriu\/","title":{"rendered":"Asmenyb\u0117s sutrikimai kognityviniu po\u017ei\u016briu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"black;\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">Pareng\u0117: Lina Morkyt\u0117<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"black;\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">Asmenyb\u0117s sutrikimas \u2013 tai ry\u0161kus asmens charakterio strukt\u016bros ir elgesio tendencij\u0173 sutrikimas, apimantis kelias asmenyb\u0117s pasirei\u0161kimo sritis ir beveik visada susij\u0119s su didesniais asmeninio ir socialinio funkcionavimo sunkumais. <!--more--><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"black;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"black;\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">Asmenyb\u0117s sutrikim\u0173 tipai:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"list 72.0pt;\"><span style=\"black;\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">paranoidinio tipo asmenyb\u0117s sutrikimas<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"list 72.0pt;\"><span style=\"black;\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">\u0161izoidinio tipo asmenyb\u0117s sutrikimas<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"list 72.0pt;\"><span style=\"black;\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">asocialaus tipo asmenyb\u0117s sutrikimas<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"list 72.0pt;\"><span style=\"black;\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">emoci\u0161kai nestabilaus tipo asmenyb\u0117s sutrikimas<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"list 72.0pt;\"><span style=\"black;\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">histrioninio tipo asmenyb\u0117s sutrikimas<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"list 72.0pt;\"><span style=\"black;\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">anankastinio tipo asmenyb\u0117s sutrikimas<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"list 72.0pt;\"><span style=\"black;\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">nerimastingo tipo asmenyb\u0117s sutrikimas<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"list 72.0pt;\"><span style=\"black;\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">priklausomo tipo asmenyb\u0117s sutrikimas<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"black;\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">Vis\u0173 asmenyb\u0117s sutrikim\u0173 bendri diagnostiniai kriterijai:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"black;\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">ry\u0161kiai disharmoni\u0161kos nuotaikos ir elgesys, apimantis kelias funkcionavimo sritis: emocijas, sujaudinim\u0105, impuls\u0173 kontrol\u0119, suvokim\u0105 ir m\u0105stym\u0105;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">nenormalus elgesio stereotipas yra u\u017esit\u0119s\u0119s, ilgalaikis ir neapsiriboja psichikos ligos epizodais;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">nenormalus elgesio stereotipas pasirei\u0161kia visur ir stipriai apsunkina prisitaikym\u0105 daugelyje asmenini\u0173 ir socialini\u0173 situacij\u0173;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">anks\u010diau min\u0117ti ypatumai visada prasideda vaikyst\u0117je ir paauglyst\u0117je ir t\u0119siasi brand\u017eiame am\u017eiuje;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">sutrikimas sukelia stipr\u0173 asmenin\u012f distres\u0105,<span style=\"yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>bet i\u0161ry\u0161k\u0117ja v\u0117liau, jam br\u0119stant.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"black;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"black;\">M\u0105stymo schemos ir asmenyb\u0117<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"0cm;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"black;\">\u201cA\u0161 geriausias\u201d \u2013 narcisistin\u0117 asmenyb\u0117<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"black;\">\u201cA\u0161 bevertis\u201d \u2013 depresyvi asmenyb\u0117<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"black;\">\u201cVisi prie\u0161 mane\u201d \u2013<span style=\"yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>paranoidin\u0117 asmenyb\u0117<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"black;\">\u201cMan reikia J\u016bs\u0173 d\u0117mesio\u201d \u2013 isterin\u0117 asmenyb\u0117<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"black;\">\u201cPalikite mane ramyb\u0117je\u201d \u2013 \u0161izoidin\u0117 asmenyb\u0117<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"black;\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">Vis\u0173 tip\u0173 asmenyb\u0117s, esant palankioms gyvenimo s\u0105lygoms, gerai prisitaiko prie aplinkos, gyvena pilnavert\u012f gyvenim\u0105. Pa\u016bm\u0117jimai paprastai sutampa su am\u017eiaus kriz\u0117mis, konfliktais \u0161eimoje, somatin\u0117mis, ligomis.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\"><strong>Kognityvin\u0117 (angl. cognition &#8211; pa\u017einimas, \u017einojimas; sugeb\u0117jimas pa\u017einti) terapija<\/strong>. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">\u0160ios psichoterapijos b\u016bdas yra pagr\u012fstas darbu su \u017emogaus mintimis ir t\u0173 min\u010di\u0173 \u012ftakotomis emocijomis bei elgesiu. Terapijos metu siekiama i\u0161siai\u0161kinti, k\u0105 b\u016bdamas konkre\u010dioje situacijoje \u017emogus galvoja, ir pamatyti, kokias reakcijas, kurios pasirei\u0161kia konkre\u010diomis emocijomis arba elgesiu, kilusi mintis sukelia. Taigi pagrindinis d\u0117mesys kognityvin\u0117s<span style=\"yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>terapijos metu yra skiriamas \u017emogaus m\u0105stymui (t.y., susiformavusioms nuostatoms, vertinimo sistemoms, po\u017ei\u016briui \u012f tam tikrus dalykus) pa\u017einti. Siekiama pamatyti, kaip m\u0105stymas veikia jausmus ir elges\u012f, kokios yra asmens galimyb\u0117s koreguoti ir keisti savo reakcijas sud\u0117tingose situacijose. Trumpai tariant, kognityvin\u0117 terapija \u2013 tai psichoterapijos b\u016bdas, leid\u017eiantis per \u017emogaus kognicijas (mintis, s\u0105vokas, suvokim\u0105) pasiekti ir koreguoti asmens patyrim\u0105.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"black;\">Asmenyb\u0117s sutrikim\u0173 gydymas yra komplikuotas, nes pacientas da\u017eniausiai nemato problemos savyje, d\u0117l to nesikreipia \u012f gydytojus.<\/span> Paranoidinio, asocialaus asmenyb\u0117s sutrikimo atvejais gydymas nepaprastai sunkus. B\u016bdinga tai, kad patys asmenys neie\u0161ko pagalbos, nes nemato savyje joki\u0173 problem\u0173. Jais da\u017eniausiai r\u016bpinasi artimieji nor\u0117dami i\u0161vengti konflikt\u0173 \u0161eimoje ir visuomen\u0117je.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">Kognityvin\u0117s teorijos atstovai labai ma\u017eai kalba apie asmenyb\u0117s sutrikimus. Kognityvin\u0117s terapijos pagrindas \u2013 m\u0105stymo keitimas, o asmenyb\u0117s sutrikim\u0173 turintys asmenys n\u0117ra link\u0119 keisti savo m\u0105stymo. Jie da\u017enai pa\u010di\u0173 sutrikim\u0173 net nepripa\u017e\u012fsta, jiems atrodo, kad n\u0117ra b\u016btinyb\u0117s m\u0105stym\u0105 keisti, jie gerai jau\u010diasi gyvendami savame pasaulyje. Literat\u016broje apra\u0161omos tik kelios kognityvin\u0117s terapijos metodikos, ta\u010diau j\u0173 efektyvumas n\u0117ra \u012frodytas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">\u012e kognityvin\u0119 teorij\u0105 orientuoti psichologai teigia, jog asocialios asmenyb\u0117s elgesiui daro \u012ftak\u0105 b\u016bdai, kuriais ji koduoja vis\u0105 socialin\u0119 informacij\u0105. Asociali asmenyb\u0117 yra linkusi kit\u0173 \u017emoni\u0173 elges\u012f u\u017ekoduoti klaidingai \u2013 kaip grasinim\u0105. Vienu i\u0161 kognityvin\u0117s terapijos b\u016bdu \u2013 problem\u0173 sprendimo terapija, asocialios asmenyb\u0117s sutrikim\u0105 turintys asmenys skatinami i\u0161 naujo suvokti savo socialines s\u0105veikas ir reakcijas. Tokie asmenys kuria naujus, nesusijusius su grasinimais socialin\u0117s s\u0105veikos sprendimus ir patys juos i\u0161bando, randa jiems priimtiniausius. Taip kei\u010diamos elgesio ir m\u0105stymo schemos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"black;\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">Beck\u2018as ir jo kolegos taiko t\u0105 pat\u012f gydymo b\u016bd\u0105, kuris buvo dav\u0119s daugiausia teigiam\u0173 rezultat\u0173 gydant depresij\u0105. Kiekvienas sutrikimas yra analizuojamas kaip logini\u0173 klaid\u0173 ir sutrikusi\u0173 schem\u0173 i\u0161rai\u0161ka. Pavyzd\u017eiui, gydant nerimastingo tipo asmenyb\u0119 pagal kognityvin\u0119 terapij\u0105 i\u0161 prad\u017ei\u0173 pacientas \u012ftikinamas priimti kognityvin\u012f model\u012f &#8211; <span style=\"yes;\">\u00a0<\/span>kad jausmai ir elgesys kyla i\u0161 min\u010di\u0173, yra j\u0173 funkcija. Tuomet yra <span style=\"yes;\">\u00a0<\/span>i\u0161tiriamos login\u0117s klaidos m\u0105styme, tokios kaip pavyzd\u017eiui pacientas nusprend\u017eia, kad jis negali padaryti nieko teisingai d\u0117l to, kad jam niekuomet nepasiseka. Taip pat terapeutas ie\u0161ko sutrikusi\u0173 prielaid\u0173 ar schem\u0173, kurios gal\u0117t\u0173 sudaryti pagrind\u0105 toki\u0173 asmens min\u010di\u0173 ir jausm\u0173, kaip pavyzd\u017eiui, tik\u0117jimas, kad priimant <span style=\"yes;\">\u00a0<\/span>daugel\u012f sprendim\u0173 mes nesuklystam, priimam juos teisingai. Schemos kei\u010diamos \u012f naujas ir gydymo eigoje pradeda keistis asmens elgesys.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">Sutrikimai, kurie gali i\u0161sivystyti i\u0161 asmenyb\u0117s sutrikim\u0173:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">Paranoidin\u0117 asmenybe \u2013 \u0161izofrenija, depresija, kliedesiniai ir kiti psichikos sutrikimai<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">\u0160izoidin\u0117 asmenyb\u0117 \u2013 \u0161izofrenija, psichoz\u0117s<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">Asociali asmenyb\u0117 \u2013 alkoholizmas, narkomanija, seksualin\u0117s perversijos, nusikalstamumas<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">Emoci\u0161kai nestabili asmenyb\u0117 \u2013 vieni\u0161umas, alkoholizmas, narkomanija, azartiniai lo\u0161imai, da\u017enas konflikt\u0173 k\u0117limas, agresija prie\u0161 save, priklausomumas nuo terapeuto.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">Histrionin\u0117 asmenyb\u0117 \u2013 nepasiekus savo nor\u0173 i\u0161tinka afektai<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">Anankastin\u0117 asmenyb\u0117 \u2013 nerimo sutrikimai, depresija<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">Nerimastinga asmenyb\u0117 \u2013 nerimas, baim\u0117, jautrumas, \u012ftampa<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">Priklausoma asmenyb\u0117 &#8211; nerimas<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">Kognityvin\u0117 terapija prie asmenyb\u0117s sutrikim\u0173 gydymo gali prisid\u0117ti tuo, kad gali gydyti kai kuriuos i\u0161 asmenyb\u0117s sutrikim\u0173 i\u0161sivystan\u010dius sutrikimus (kaip pavyzd\u017eiui \u2013 depresij\u0105, nerim\u0105, baimes, jautrum\u0105 ir pan.). \u0160i\u0173 sutrikim\u0173 i\u0161gydymas, gali susilpninti asmenyb\u0117s sutrikim\u0173 pasirei\u0161kimo laipsn\u012f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">Asmenyb\u0117s sutrikimai yra kaip spalvos. Jie susilieja tarpusavyje ir pasirodo daugeliu skirting\u0173 atspalvi\u0173&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"justify;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">Literat\u016bros s\u0105ra\u0161as:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"list 18.0pt;\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">Lapkauskien\u0117, N. (<span style=\"EN-US;\" lang=\"EN-US\">2003<\/span>). Psichikos sveikatos sutrikimai ir slaugos pagrindai. Vilnius: Vilniaus kolegija<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"list 18.0pt;\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">Malinauskien\u0117, G. (2007). <span class=\"style71\"><span style=\"bold;\">Kognityvin\u0117 elgesio terapija \u2013 kas tai?<\/span><\/span>. Aplankyta: <span style=\"EN-US;\" lang=\"EN-US\">2008-10-19, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.psichoterapijoscentras.lt\/straipsnis21.html\"><span style=\"none;\">http:\/\/www.psichoterapijoscentras.lt\/straipsnis21.html<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"list 18.0pt;\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">Davison, G.L., Neale, J.M., Kring, A.M. (<span style=\"EN-US;\" lang=\"EN-US\">2004<\/span>) Abnormal psychology (9th\u00a0 edt.) Wiley<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"list 18.0pt;\"><span style=\"EN-US;\" lang=\"EN-US\"><span style=\"small;\"><span style=\"Times New Roman;\">Sarason, I.G., Sarason, B.R. Abnormal psychology. The problem of maladaptive behavior. Fifth edition. Prentice \u2013 Hall, INC. Englewood cliffs, N.J.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pareng\u0117: Lina Morkyt\u0117 Asmenyb\u0117s sutrikimas \u2013 tai ry\u0161kus asmens charakterio strukt\u016bros ir elgesio tendencij\u0173 sutrikimas, apimantis kelias asmenyb\u0117s pasirei\u0161kimo sritis ir beveik visada susij\u0119s su didesniais asmeninio ir socialinio funkcionavimo sunkumais.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[34],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nesnausk.org\/klinikine-psichologija\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/441"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nesnausk.org\/klinikine-psichologija\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nesnausk.org\/klinikine-psichologija\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nesnausk.org\/klinikine-psichologija\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/43"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nesnausk.org\/klinikine-psichologija\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=441"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/nesnausk.org\/klinikine-psichologija\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/441\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":466,"href":"https:\/\/nesnausk.org\/klinikine-psichologija\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/441\/revisions\/466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nesnausk.org\/klinikine-psichologija\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=441"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nesnausk.org\/klinikine-psichologija\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=441"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nesnausk.org\/klinikine-psichologija\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=441"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}